Interview with Turkish researcher, writer, journalist, speaker, trainer, and podcaster Cahan Fulser for Axar.az:

-The climate issue is currently being assessed from a broader perspective. What are your thoughts on this?

-Climate change, or global warming, is the result of the increase in greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere. This leads to the emission of greenhouse gases and causes an increase in the average temperature measured throughout the year on land, in the sea, and in the air. Since the industrial revolution began in 1750, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has significantly increased. The consumption of fossil fuels, industrial activities, and the rising concentration and density of greenhouse gases have led to serious changes in the climate. Currently, climate change is observed through symptoms such as increased drought, desertification, instability in precipitation, floods, and other meteorological events.

-Climate conditions and the economy often conflict with each other. Do you think it's possible to improve climate conditions while ensuring economic development?

-Drought and water issues have become ecological disasters that lead to hunger, driving countries to ruin and creating global forces that could spark wars. I believe that the Turkic world should prioritize seeking solutions related to climate as a fundamental state policy.

-Zero waste, water conservation, drought management, air quality, marine health, and environmental issues—whatever the topic may be, we must listen carefully and show our ongoing support. Fossil fuels are the main sources of emissions related to electricity production, heating homes, large industrial operations, cars, airplanes, and transportation. If you ask, "How can I make a difference in this situation?" consider alternatives like permaculture and sharing. Examples include reducing food waste to generate energy, driving less or not at all, increasing walking, and riding bicycles. It's essential to educate the public on issues like water conservation and the environment, ensuring their participation in nature protection.

-What is the significance of COP conferences?

-The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the first intergovernmental environmental agreement concerning global warming. The treaty acknowledges the harmful impacts of human-induced environmental issues on the climate and aims to reduce the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and minimize their negative effects. It came into force in 1994 after being ratified by countries at the Rio Conference on Environment and Development held in Brazil in 1992. During this conference, the "Convention to Combat Desertification" and the "Convention on Biological Diversity" were also adopted. The conference of the parties is held annually, commonly referred to as "COP" (Conferences of the Parties). The Kyoto Protocol was signed at the Third Conference of the Parties held in 1997.

-What benefits could this conference have for our countries and the world, especially regarding hybrid vehicles, renewable energy, the global energy crisis, and minimizing carbon emissions?

-Rather than taking a populist approach and feeling disappointed, it would be more appropriate to act with real goals and ambitions. Such conferences are the center of strategy. I think that over the course of a year, global players will implement strategies to avoid pressure from environmental organizations, developed countries, climate activists, and political groups, thus "postponing" the problem. The behavior of countries like Brazil, Mexico, Japan, and South Korea, alongside China and Russia, as well as the positions of Pakistan, Indonesia, and Malaysia, will determine the balance of power between Europe and the U.S. Countries that define their preparations and policies in advance will be active. I believe COP29 will be at the forefront of the Turkic world. Honestly, I think that our cornerstone game will be marked as the global rise of the Turkic world with COP29.

-How do you assess the preparations in Baku for COP29?

-I congratulate everyone involved, including President Ilham Aliyev, Prime Minister Ali Asadov, Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Mukhtar Babayev, Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov, Minister of Economy Mikayil Jabbarov, and Minister of Internal Affairs Vilayet Eyvazov, among others whose names I may have forgotten. We are approaching the end of 12 months of intense work. Our task now is to showcase the positive developments occurring in Azerbaijan to the world. Industrialized societies have polluted our water, soil, and air, destroyed forests, disrupted climate balance, and contributed to a 2.5°C increase in atmospheric temperatures, leading to intensified natural events and disasters. I am confident that the Turkic world will confront the West with the devastation it has caused, showcasing Azerbaijan's hospitality. I would like to be in Baku to follow and comment on the COP29 conference live. The Turkic world is awakening and embracing its true spirit and identity. One of the greatest opportunities for justice in the world is the unification of the Turkic world.