Despite advances in cosmology, two major mysteries continue to puzzle scientists: dark matter and dark energy.

Axar.az reports that dark matter, discovered in the 1970s, is an invisible substance accounting for most of the universe's mass. It doesn't interact with light or ordinary matter but exerts a gravitational pull. Meanwhile, dark energy, identified in the 1990s, is driving the universe’s accelerating expansion and makes up nearly 70% of its total energy.

Recent research, including the PANTHEON+ survey of 1,500 supernovae, confirmed that the universe consists of 66.2% dark energy and 33.8% a mix of dark matter and normal matter. However, the study failed to reveal new insights into these phenomena, highlighting how little we understand their true nature.

While cosmologists have accurately measured the universe’s age (13.77 billion years) and early formation processes, dark matter and dark energy remain the greatest enigmas, continuing to fuel research into the cosmos' ultimate secrets.